{"id":7224,"date":"2025-06-28T17:29:42","date_gmt":"2025-06-28T17:29:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/management-of-bleeding-in-trauma-victims-by-portuguese-nurses-in-prehospital-setting\/"},"modified":"2025-06-29T05:08:33","modified_gmt":"2025-06-29T05:08:33","slug":"management-of-bleeding-in-trauma-victims-by-portuguese-nurses-in-prehospital-setting","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/management-of-bleeding-in-trauma-victims-by-portuguese-nurses-in-prehospital-setting\/","title":{"rendered":"Management of bleeding in trauma victims by Portuguese nurses in prehospital setting"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>This article was originally published as: <strong>Management of bleeding in trauma victims by Portuguese nurses in prehospital setting<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Original Article Link: <a href='https:\/\/www.ajan.com.au\/index.php\/AJAN\/article\/view\/505' target='_blank' rel='noopener'>Read Original Article<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Download PDF: <a href='https:\/\/www.ajan.com.au\/index.php\/AJAN\/article\/download\/505\/150' target='_blank' rel='noopener'>Click Here to Download PDF<\/a><\/p>\n<h2>Abstract<\/h2>\n<p>Introduction: External bleeding is the leading preventable cause of death from traumatic injuries. Implementation of guidelines for its control have been associated with a significant reduction in mortality. The objectives of this study were to provide a characterisation of trauma patients with external bleeding and to compare the outcomes from specific autonomous interventions applied by nurses in prehospital care. Methods: A non-randomised prospective study was conducted in the Immediate Life Support Ambulances in Portugal, from 1 March 2019 to 30 April 2020. Patients were divided into two groups according to whether external bleeding was controlled or not on their arrival at the emergency room. Results: A total of 189 patients were included in this study (73.0% men; mean age of 53.6 years). Among these patients, 140 (74.1%) had their external bleeding controlled by prehospital nurse\u2019s intervention. The average time of assistance at the incident site was 31.5 min. Patients with uncontrolled bleeding had a higher average rescue time (30.8 \u00b115.2 vs 33.7 \u00b113.0). Cryotherapy was administered to 15.9% of all patients and 93.3% of these patients arrived at the emergency room with controlled bleeding (p=0.01). Discussion: Despite the substantial reduction in the number of patients who keep bleeding after prehospital care, it was observed that one fifth of patients have external bleeding on arrival at the emergency room. Cryotherapy has been shown to be effective in controlling external bleeding. Failure to use haemostatic agents may explain the ineffective control of more complex external bleeding.<br \/>\nContribution to Emergency Nursing Practice:<\/p>\n<p>The current literature on management of bleeding in trauma patients is scarce and contradictory, especially in terms of interventions provided by prehospital teams led by a registered nurse. In addition, interventions vary from country to country.<br \/>\nThis article increases awareness of autonomous interventions implemented by prehospital nurses to manage external bleeding.<br \/>\nKey implications for emergency nursing practice identified in this study suggest greater fluid therapy appears harmful while cryotherapy achieved the best results (control of the bleeding on emergency room arrival). This may contribute to the review of institutional algorithms and training in this area.<\/p>\n<h2>Authors<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Mauro AL Mota<\/li>\n<li>Margarida Reis Santos<\/li>\n<li>Eduardo JF Santos<\/li>\n<li>Andrea Figueiredo<\/li>\n<li>Filipe Melo<\/li>\n<li>Sara Albuquerque<\/li>\n<li>Madalena Cunha<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Keywords<\/h2>\n<p>Trauma, patient care team, prehospital care, haemorrhage, nursing<\/p>\n<h2>References<\/h2>\n<p>References not available for this article.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>This article was originally published as: Management of bleeding in trauma victims by Portuguese nurses in prehospital setting Original Article&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":21,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[124],"tags":[4079,3874,4077,4078,2659],"class_list":["post-7224","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-articles","tag-haemorrhage","tag-nursing","tag-patient-care-team","tag-prehospital-care","tag-trauma","wpcat-124-id"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Management of bleeding in trauma victims by Portuguese nurses in prehospital setting - IJSSASS Repository<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/management-of-bleeding-in-trauma-victims-by-portuguese-nurses-in-prehospital-setting\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Management of bleeding in trauma victims by Portuguese nurses in prehospital setting - IJSSASS Repository\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"This article was originally published as: Management of bleeding in trauma victims by Portuguese nurses in prehospital setting Original Article...\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/management-of-bleeding-in-trauma-victims-by-portuguese-nurses-in-prehospital-setting\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"IJSSASS Repository\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/ijssass\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-06-28T17:29:42+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-06-29T05:08:33+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/c-users-user-desktop-logo-pnglogo-2.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"300\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"195\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"admin\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"admin\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"2 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/management-of-bleeding-in-trauma-victims-by-portuguese-nurses-in-prehospital-setting\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/management-of-bleeding-in-trauma-victims-by-portuguese-nurses-in-prehospital-setting\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"admin\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/#\/schema\/person\/adf9bae5731958270e2140cfc1af3771\"},\"headline\":\"Management of bleeding in trauma victims by Portuguese nurses in prehospital setting\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-06-28T17:29:42+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-06-29T05:08:33+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/management-of-bleeding-in-trauma-victims-by-portuguese-nurses-in-prehospital-setting\/\"},\"wordCount\":407,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/#organization\"},\"keywords\":[\"haemorrhage\",\"nursing\",\"patient care team\",\"prehospital care\",\"Trauma\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Articles\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/management-of-bleeding-in-trauma-victims-by-portuguese-nurses-in-prehospital-setting\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/management-of-bleeding-in-trauma-victims-by-portuguese-nurses-in-prehospital-setting\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/management-of-bleeding-in-trauma-victims-by-portuguese-nurses-in-prehospital-setting\/\",\"name\":\"Management of bleeding in trauma victims by Portuguese nurses in prehospital setting - IJSSASS Repository\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2025-06-28T17:29:42+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-06-29T05:08:33+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/management-of-bleeding-in-trauma-victims-by-portuguese-nurses-in-prehospital-setting\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/management-of-bleeding-in-trauma-victims-by-portuguese-nurses-in-prehospital-setting\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/management-of-bleeding-in-trauma-victims-by-portuguese-nurses-in-prehospital-setting\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Management of bleeding in trauma victims by Portuguese nurses in prehospital setting\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/\",\"name\":\"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES AND SCIENTIFIC STUDIES\",\"description\":\"Open Access Library\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/#organization\"},\"alternateName\":\"IJSSASS\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/#organization\",\"name\":\"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES AND SCIENTIFIC STUDIES\",\"alternateName\":\"IJSSASS\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/c-users-user-desktop-logo-pnglogo-3.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/c-users-user-desktop-logo-pnglogo-3.png\",\"width\":300,\"height\":195,\"caption\":\"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES AND SCIENTIFIC STUDIES\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/ijssass\"]},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/#\/schema\/person\/adf9bae5731958270e2140cfc1af3771\",\"name\":\"admin\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/e2404e10f252fd74bce698fdfc0296b3cfb701b99d14951364bf9586aaa0c4a8?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/e2404e10f252fd74bce698fdfc0296b3cfb701b99d14951364bf9586aaa0c4a8?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"admin\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\"],\"url\":\"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/author\/admin\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Management of bleeding in trauma victims by Portuguese nurses in prehospital setting - IJSSASS Repository","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/management-of-bleeding-in-trauma-victims-by-portuguese-nurses-in-prehospital-setting\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Management of bleeding in trauma victims by Portuguese nurses in prehospital setting - IJSSASS Repository","og_description":"This article was originally published as: Management of bleeding in trauma victims by Portuguese nurses in prehospital setting Original Article...","og_url":"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/management-of-bleeding-in-trauma-victims-by-portuguese-nurses-in-prehospital-setting\/","og_site_name":"IJSSASS Repository","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/ijssass","article_published_time":"2025-06-28T17:29:42+00:00","article_modified_time":"2025-06-29T05:08:33+00:00","og_image":[{"width":300,"height":195,"url":"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/c-users-user-desktop-logo-pnglogo-2.png","type":"image\/png"}],"author":"admin","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"admin","Est. reading time":"2 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/management-of-bleeding-in-trauma-victims-by-portuguese-nurses-in-prehospital-setting\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/management-of-bleeding-in-trauma-victims-by-portuguese-nurses-in-prehospital-setting\/"},"author":{"name":"admin","@id":"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/#\/schema\/person\/adf9bae5731958270e2140cfc1af3771"},"headline":"Management of bleeding in trauma victims by Portuguese nurses in prehospital setting","datePublished":"2025-06-28T17:29:42+00:00","dateModified":"2025-06-29T05:08:33+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/management-of-bleeding-in-trauma-victims-by-portuguese-nurses-in-prehospital-setting\/"},"wordCount":407,"commentCount":0,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/#organization"},"keywords":["haemorrhage","nursing","patient care team","prehospital care","Trauma"],"articleSection":["Articles"],"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/management-of-bleeding-in-trauma-victims-by-portuguese-nurses-in-prehospital-setting\/#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/management-of-bleeding-in-trauma-victims-by-portuguese-nurses-in-prehospital-setting\/","url":"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/management-of-bleeding-in-trauma-victims-by-portuguese-nurses-in-prehospital-setting\/","name":"Management of bleeding in trauma victims by Portuguese nurses in prehospital setting - IJSSASS Repository","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/#website"},"datePublished":"2025-06-28T17:29:42+00:00","dateModified":"2025-06-29T05:08:33+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/management-of-bleeding-in-trauma-victims-by-portuguese-nurses-in-prehospital-setting\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/management-of-bleeding-in-trauma-victims-by-portuguese-nurses-in-prehospital-setting\/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/management-of-bleeding-in-trauma-victims-by-portuguese-nurses-in-prehospital-setting\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Management of bleeding in trauma victims by Portuguese nurses in prehospital setting"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/#website","url":"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/","name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES AND SCIENTIFIC STUDIES","description":"Open Access Library","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/#organization"},"alternateName":"IJSSASS","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/#organization","name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES AND SCIENTIFIC STUDIES","alternateName":"IJSSASS","url":"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/c-users-user-desktop-logo-pnglogo-3.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/c-users-user-desktop-logo-pnglogo-3.png","width":300,"height":195,"caption":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES AND SCIENTIFIC STUDIES"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/ijssass"]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/#\/schema\/person\/adf9bae5731958270e2140cfc1af3771","name":"admin","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/e2404e10f252fd74bce698fdfc0296b3cfb701b99d14951364bf9586aaa0c4a8?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/e2404e10f252fd74bce698fdfc0296b3cfb701b99d14951364bf9586aaa0c4a8?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"admin"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal"],"url":"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/author\/admin\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7224","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/21"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7224"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7224\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8167,"href":"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7224\/revisions\/8167"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7224"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7224"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7224"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}