{"id":6437,"date":"2025-06-24T23:11:23","date_gmt":"2025-06-24T23:11:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/national-inland-water-ways-authority-and-the-federal-character-principle-an-interrogation\/"},"modified":"2025-06-25T04:15:27","modified_gmt":"2025-06-25T04:15:27","slug":"national-inland-water-ways-authority-and-the-federal-character-principle-an-interrogation","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/national-inland-water-ways-authority-and-the-federal-character-principle-an-interrogation\/","title":{"rendered":"National Inland Water Ways Authority and the Federal  Character Principle: An Interrogation"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>This article was originally published as: <strong>National Inland Water Ways Authority and the Federal  Character Principle: An Interrogation<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Original Article Link: <a href='https:\/\/wissjournals.com.ng\/index.php\/wiss\/article\/view\/110' target='_blank' rel='noopener'>Read Original Article<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Download PDF: <a href='https:\/\/wissjournals.com.ng\/index.php\/wiss\/article\/download\/110\/97' target='_blank' rel='noopener'>Click Here to Download PDF<\/a><\/p>\n<h2>Abstract<\/h2>\n<p>Employment distribution in National Inland Water Ways Authority (NIWA) has been lopsidedly structured despite the existence of Federal Character Principle (FCP). FCP was enacted to ensure equality in employment distribution in the government agencies such as NIWA. Unfortunately, the implementation of the Federal Character Principle appears to be ineffective because disparity still characterizes employment distribution in NIWA. This paper focuses on the causes the unequal employment distribution in NIWA. Apaper used purposive samplingin selecting the key informants andcontent analysis was used to analyze the data.To achieve the goal of the paper, the authors used the case study design because it allows for in-depth investigation of the topic through one-on[1]one interactions through interviews and subsequent use of various data collected over a predetermined time frame. The paper found that disparity continues to ravage the employment distribution in NIWA because of political influence, conflict of interest and ethnic bias. The paperconcludes that implementation of the policy can be achieved through an all[1]inclusive implementation measure.<\/p>\n<h2>Authors<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Hawawu Muhammed (Federal University Lokoja, Kogi State)<\/li>\n<li>Ebenezer Ejalenibu Lawal (Federal University Lokoja, Kogi State)<\/li>\n<li>Timothy Onimisi (Federal University Lokoja, Kogi State)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Keywords<\/h2>\n<p>Keywords not available.<\/p>\n<h2>References<\/h2>\n<p>References not available for this article.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>This article was originally published as: National Inland Water Ways Authority and the Federal Character Principle: An Interrogation Original Article&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":21,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[124],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6437","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-articles","wpcat-124-id"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>National Inland Water Ways Authority and the Federal Character Principle: An Interrogation - IJSSASS Repository<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/national-inland-water-ways-authority-and-the-federal-character-principle-an-interrogation\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"National Inland Water Ways Authority and the Federal Character Principle: An Interrogation - IJSSASS Repository\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"This article was originally published as: National Inland Water Ways Authority and the Federal Character Principle: An Interrogation Original Article...\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/national-inland-water-ways-authority-and-the-federal-character-principle-an-interrogation\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"IJSSASS Repository\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/ijssass\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-06-24T23:11:23+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-06-25T04:15:27+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/c-users-user-desktop-logo-pnglogo-2.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"300\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"195\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"admin\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"admin\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"1 minute\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/national-inland-water-ways-authority-and-the-federal-character-principle-an-interrogation\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/national-inland-water-ways-authority-and-the-federal-character-principle-an-interrogation\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"admin\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/#\/schema\/person\/adf9bae5731958270e2140cfc1af3771\"},\"headline\":\"National Inland Water Ways Authority and the Federal Character Principle: An Interrogation\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-06-24T23:11:23+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-06-25T04:15:27+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/national-inland-water-ways-authority-and-the-federal-character-principle-an-interrogation\/\"},\"wordCount\":243,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/#organization\"},\"articleSection\":[\"Articles\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/national-inland-water-ways-authority-and-the-federal-character-principle-an-interrogation\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/national-inland-water-ways-authority-and-the-federal-character-principle-an-interrogation\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/national-inland-water-ways-authority-and-the-federal-character-principle-an-interrogation\/\",\"name\":\"National Inland Water Ways Authority and the Federal Character Principle: An Interrogation - IJSSASS Repository\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2025-06-24T23:11:23+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-06-25T04:15:27+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/national-inland-water-ways-authority-and-the-federal-character-principle-an-interrogation\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/national-inland-water-ways-authority-and-the-federal-character-principle-an-interrogation\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/national-inland-water-ways-authority-and-the-federal-character-principle-an-interrogation\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"National Inland Water Ways Authority and the Federal Character Principle: An Interrogation\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/\",\"name\":\"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES AND SCIENTIFIC STUDIES\",\"description\":\"Open Access Library\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/#organization\"},\"alternateName\":\"IJSSASS\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/#organization\",\"name\":\"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES AND SCIENTIFIC STUDIES\",\"alternateName\":\"IJSSASS\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/c-users-user-desktop-logo-pnglogo-3.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/c-users-user-desktop-logo-pnglogo-3.png\",\"width\":300,\"height\":195,\"caption\":\"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES AND SCIENTIFIC STUDIES\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/ijssass\"]},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/#\/schema\/person\/adf9bae5731958270e2140cfc1af3771\",\"name\":\"admin\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/e2404e10f252fd74bce698fdfc0296b3cfb701b99d14951364bf9586aaa0c4a8?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/e2404e10f252fd74bce698fdfc0296b3cfb701b99d14951364bf9586aaa0c4a8?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"admin\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\"],\"url\":\"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/author\/admin\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"National Inland Water Ways Authority and the Federal Character Principle: An Interrogation - IJSSASS Repository","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/national-inland-water-ways-authority-and-the-federal-character-principle-an-interrogation\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"National Inland Water Ways Authority and the Federal Character Principle: An Interrogation - IJSSASS Repository","og_description":"This article was originally published as: National Inland Water Ways Authority and the Federal Character Principle: An Interrogation Original Article...","og_url":"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/national-inland-water-ways-authority-and-the-federal-character-principle-an-interrogation\/","og_site_name":"IJSSASS Repository","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/ijssass","article_published_time":"2025-06-24T23:11:23+00:00","article_modified_time":"2025-06-25T04:15:27+00:00","og_image":[{"width":300,"height":195,"url":"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/c-users-user-desktop-logo-pnglogo-2.png","type":"image\/png"}],"author":"admin","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"admin","Est. reading time":"1 minute"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/national-inland-water-ways-authority-and-the-federal-character-principle-an-interrogation\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/national-inland-water-ways-authority-and-the-federal-character-principle-an-interrogation\/"},"author":{"name":"admin","@id":"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/#\/schema\/person\/adf9bae5731958270e2140cfc1af3771"},"headline":"National Inland Water Ways Authority and the Federal Character Principle: An Interrogation","datePublished":"2025-06-24T23:11:23+00:00","dateModified":"2025-06-25T04:15:27+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/national-inland-water-ways-authority-and-the-federal-character-principle-an-interrogation\/"},"wordCount":243,"commentCount":0,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/#organization"},"articleSection":["Articles"],"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/national-inland-water-ways-authority-and-the-federal-character-principle-an-interrogation\/#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/national-inland-water-ways-authority-and-the-federal-character-principle-an-interrogation\/","url":"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/national-inland-water-ways-authority-and-the-federal-character-principle-an-interrogation\/","name":"National Inland Water Ways Authority and the Federal Character Principle: An Interrogation - IJSSASS Repository","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/#website"},"datePublished":"2025-06-24T23:11:23+00:00","dateModified":"2025-06-25T04:15:27+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/national-inland-water-ways-authority-and-the-federal-character-principle-an-interrogation\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/national-inland-water-ways-authority-and-the-federal-character-principle-an-interrogation\/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/national-inland-water-ways-authority-and-the-federal-character-principle-an-interrogation\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"National Inland Water Ways Authority and the Federal Character Principle: An Interrogation"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/#website","url":"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/","name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES AND SCIENTIFIC STUDIES","description":"Open Access Library","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/#organization"},"alternateName":"IJSSASS","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/#organization","name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES AND SCIENTIFIC STUDIES","alternateName":"IJSSASS","url":"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/c-users-user-desktop-logo-pnglogo-3.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/c-users-user-desktop-logo-pnglogo-3.png","width":300,"height":195,"caption":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES AND SCIENTIFIC STUDIES"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/ijssass"]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/#\/schema\/person\/adf9bae5731958270e2140cfc1af3771","name":"admin","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/e2404e10f252fd74bce698fdfc0296b3cfb701b99d14951364bf9586aaa0c4a8?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/e2404e10f252fd74bce698fdfc0296b3cfb701b99d14951364bf9586aaa0c4a8?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"admin"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal"],"url":"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/author\/admin\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6437","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/21"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6437"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6437\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6704,"href":"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6437\/revisions\/6704"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6437"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6437"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6437"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}