{"id":6147,"date":"2025-06-24T21:45:42","date_gmt":"2025-06-24T21:45:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/an-assessment-of-the-effect-of-the-active-and-passive-political-behavior-of-citizens-on-governance-and-development-in-nigeria\/"},"modified":"2025-06-25T04:17:31","modified_gmt":"2025-06-25T04:17:31","slug":"an-assessment-of-the-effect-of-the-active-and-passive-political-behavior-of-citizens-on-governance-and-development-in-nigeria","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/an-assessment-of-the-effect-of-the-active-and-passive-political-behavior-of-citizens-on-governance-and-development-in-nigeria\/","title":{"rendered":"AN ASSESSMENT OF THE EFFECT OF THE ACTIVE AND PASSIVE POLITICAL BEHAVIOR OF CITIZENS ON GOVERNANCE AND DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>This article was originally published as: <strong>AN ASSESSMENT OF THE EFFECT OF THE ACTIVE AND PASSIVE POLITICAL BEHAVIOR OF CITIZENS ON GOVERNANCE AND DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Original Article Link: <a href='https:\/\/wissjournals.com.ng\/index.php\/wiss\/article\/view\/515' target='_blank' rel='noopener'>Read Original Article<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Download PDF: <a href='https:\/\/wissjournals.com.ng\/index.php\/wiss\/article\/download\/515\/473' target='_blank' rel='noopener'>Click Here to Download PDF<\/a><\/p>\n<h2>Abstract<\/h2>\n<p>Democratic elections are fundamental to the functioning of democratic systems, providing citizens with the opportunity to participate in political decision-making processes. However, in third world countries, the extent and nature of political participation vary widely, influenced by a range of socio-economic, cultural, and institutional factors. This research aims to provide insights into the phenomenon of active and passive thinking in democratic elections, highlighting its implications for democratic governance and development. Using the quantitative and primary methods of research and the research drawing on a synthesis of existing literature and empirical studies, the research explores the factors influencing political participation and electoral behavior among citizens in these contexts. Socio-economic, cultural, institutional, and informational factors are analyzed to understand the prevalence of active and passive thinking in democratic elections, with implications for democratic governance and development outcomes. The research found out that, Nigeria democracy is unique to western democracy therefore results to varying outcomes. The research recommends that, INEC in collaboration with the National Assembly needs to reconfigure campaigns to ensure tribalism and identity are eliminated during elections. There is urgent need to foster inclusivity and social cohesion by addressing underlying socio-economic disparities and promoting equal opportunities for all citizens. Encourage participation of marginalized groups in decision-making processes and ensure their representation in political institutions.<\/p>\n<h2>Authors<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>LAMBE EMMANUEL  OYEWOLE (DEPARTMENT OF POLITICS AND GOVERNANCE, KWARA STATE UNIVERSITY, ILORIN, NIGERIA)<\/li>\n<li>HASSAN SEYID  ISHOLA (DEPARTMENT OF POLITICS AND GOVERNANCE, KWARA STATE UNIVERSITY, ILORIN, NIGERIA)<\/li>\n<li>BASHIR OLADIMEJI  ABDULRAZAQ (DEPARTMENT OF POLITICS AND GOVERNANCE, KWARA STATE UNIVERSITY, ILORIN, NIGERIA)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Keywords<\/h2>\n<p>Democracy, Governance, Virtue, System of Government, Civic Engagement<\/p>\n<h2>References<\/h2>\n<p>References not available for this article.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>This article was originally published as: AN ASSESSMENT OF THE EFFECT OF THE ACTIVE AND PASSIVE POLITICAL BEHAVIOR OF CITIZENS&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":21,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[124],"tags":[2936,1257,1012,2935,2934],"class_list":["post-6147","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-articles","tag-civic-engagement","tag-democracy","tag-governance","tag-system-of-government","tag-virtue","wpcat-124-id"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>AN ASSESSMENT OF THE EFFECT OF THE ACTIVE AND PASSIVE POLITICAL BEHAVIOR OF CITIZENS ON GOVERNANCE AND DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA - IJSSASS Repository<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/an-assessment-of-the-effect-of-the-active-and-passive-political-behavior-of-citizens-on-governance-and-development-in-nigeria\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"AN ASSESSMENT OF THE EFFECT OF THE ACTIVE AND PASSIVE POLITICAL BEHAVIOR OF CITIZENS ON GOVERNANCE AND DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA - IJSSASS Repository\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"This article was originally published as: AN ASSESSMENT OF THE EFFECT OF THE ACTIVE AND PASSIVE POLITICAL BEHAVIOR OF CITIZENS...\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/an-assessment-of-the-effect-of-the-active-and-passive-political-behavior-of-citizens-on-governance-and-development-in-nigeria\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"IJSSASS Repository\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/ijssass\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-06-24T21:45:42+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-06-25T04:17:31+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/c-users-user-desktop-logo-pnglogo-2.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"300\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"195\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"admin\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"admin\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"2 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/an-assessment-of-the-effect-of-the-active-and-passive-political-behavior-of-citizens-on-governance-and-development-in-nigeria\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/an-assessment-of-the-effect-of-the-active-and-passive-political-behavior-of-citizens-on-governance-and-development-in-nigeria\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"admin\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/#\/schema\/person\/adf9bae5731958270e2140cfc1af3771\"},\"headline\":\"AN ASSESSMENT OF THE EFFECT OF THE ACTIVE AND PASSIVE POLITICAL BEHAVIOR OF CITIZENS ON GOVERNANCE AND DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-06-24T21:45:42+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-06-25T04:17:31+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/an-assessment-of-the-effect-of-the-active-and-passive-political-behavior-of-citizens-on-governance-and-development-in-nigeria\/\"},\"wordCount\":329,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/#organization\"},\"keywords\":[\"Civic Engagement\",\"democracy\",\"Governance\",\"System of Government\",\"Virtue\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Articles\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/an-assessment-of-the-effect-of-the-active-and-passive-political-behavior-of-citizens-on-governance-and-development-in-nigeria\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/an-assessment-of-the-effect-of-the-active-and-passive-political-behavior-of-citizens-on-governance-and-development-in-nigeria\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/an-assessment-of-the-effect-of-the-active-and-passive-political-behavior-of-citizens-on-governance-and-development-in-nigeria\/\",\"name\":\"AN ASSESSMENT OF THE EFFECT OF THE ACTIVE AND PASSIVE POLITICAL BEHAVIOR OF CITIZENS ON GOVERNANCE AND DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA - IJSSASS Repository\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2025-06-24T21:45:42+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-06-25T04:17:31+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/an-assessment-of-the-effect-of-the-active-and-passive-political-behavior-of-citizens-on-governance-and-development-in-nigeria\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/an-assessment-of-the-effect-of-the-active-and-passive-political-behavior-of-citizens-on-governance-and-development-in-nigeria\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/an-assessment-of-the-effect-of-the-active-and-passive-political-behavior-of-citizens-on-governance-and-development-in-nigeria\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"AN ASSESSMENT OF THE EFFECT OF THE ACTIVE AND PASSIVE POLITICAL BEHAVIOR OF CITIZENS ON GOVERNANCE AND DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/\",\"name\":\"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES AND SCIENTIFIC STUDIES\",\"description\":\"Open Access Library\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/#organization\"},\"alternateName\":\"IJSSASS\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/#organization\",\"name\":\"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES AND SCIENTIFIC STUDIES\",\"alternateName\":\"IJSSASS\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/c-users-user-desktop-logo-pnglogo-3.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/c-users-user-desktop-logo-pnglogo-3.png\",\"width\":300,\"height\":195,\"caption\":\"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES AND SCIENTIFIC STUDIES\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/ijssass\"]},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/#\/schema\/person\/adf9bae5731958270e2140cfc1af3771\",\"name\":\"admin\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/e2404e10f252fd74bce698fdfc0296b3cfb701b99d14951364bf9586aaa0c4a8?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/e2404e10f252fd74bce698fdfc0296b3cfb701b99d14951364bf9586aaa0c4a8?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"admin\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\"],\"url\":\"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/author\/admin\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"AN ASSESSMENT OF THE EFFECT OF THE ACTIVE AND PASSIVE POLITICAL BEHAVIOR OF CITIZENS ON GOVERNANCE AND DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA - IJSSASS Repository","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/an-assessment-of-the-effect-of-the-active-and-passive-political-behavior-of-citizens-on-governance-and-development-in-nigeria\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"AN ASSESSMENT OF THE EFFECT OF THE ACTIVE AND PASSIVE POLITICAL BEHAVIOR OF CITIZENS ON GOVERNANCE AND DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA - IJSSASS Repository","og_description":"This article was originally published as: AN ASSESSMENT OF THE EFFECT OF THE ACTIVE AND PASSIVE POLITICAL BEHAVIOR OF CITIZENS...","og_url":"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/an-assessment-of-the-effect-of-the-active-and-passive-political-behavior-of-citizens-on-governance-and-development-in-nigeria\/","og_site_name":"IJSSASS Repository","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/ijssass","article_published_time":"2025-06-24T21:45:42+00:00","article_modified_time":"2025-06-25T04:17:31+00:00","og_image":[{"width":300,"height":195,"url":"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/c-users-user-desktop-logo-pnglogo-2.png","type":"image\/png"}],"author":"admin","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"admin","Est. reading time":"2 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/an-assessment-of-the-effect-of-the-active-and-passive-political-behavior-of-citizens-on-governance-and-development-in-nigeria\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/an-assessment-of-the-effect-of-the-active-and-passive-political-behavior-of-citizens-on-governance-and-development-in-nigeria\/"},"author":{"name":"admin","@id":"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/#\/schema\/person\/adf9bae5731958270e2140cfc1af3771"},"headline":"AN ASSESSMENT OF THE EFFECT OF THE ACTIVE AND PASSIVE POLITICAL BEHAVIOR OF CITIZENS ON GOVERNANCE AND DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA","datePublished":"2025-06-24T21:45:42+00:00","dateModified":"2025-06-25T04:17:31+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/an-assessment-of-the-effect-of-the-active-and-passive-political-behavior-of-citizens-on-governance-and-development-in-nigeria\/"},"wordCount":329,"commentCount":0,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/#organization"},"keywords":["Civic Engagement","democracy","Governance","System of Government","Virtue"],"articleSection":["Articles"],"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/an-assessment-of-the-effect-of-the-active-and-passive-political-behavior-of-citizens-on-governance-and-development-in-nigeria\/#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/an-assessment-of-the-effect-of-the-active-and-passive-political-behavior-of-citizens-on-governance-and-development-in-nigeria\/","url":"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/an-assessment-of-the-effect-of-the-active-and-passive-political-behavior-of-citizens-on-governance-and-development-in-nigeria\/","name":"AN ASSESSMENT OF THE EFFECT OF THE ACTIVE AND PASSIVE POLITICAL BEHAVIOR OF CITIZENS ON GOVERNANCE AND DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA - IJSSASS Repository","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/#website"},"datePublished":"2025-06-24T21:45:42+00:00","dateModified":"2025-06-25T04:17:31+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/an-assessment-of-the-effect-of-the-active-and-passive-political-behavior-of-citizens-on-governance-and-development-in-nigeria\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/an-assessment-of-the-effect-of-the-active-and-passive-political-behavior-of-citizens-on-governance-and-development-in-nigeria\/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/an-assessment-of-the-effect-of-the-active-and-passive-political-behavior-of-citizens-on-governance-and-development-in-nigeria\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"AN ASSESSMENT OF THE EFFECT OF THE ACTIVE AND PASSIVE POLITICAL BEHAVIOR OF CITIZENS ON GOVERNANCE AND DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/#website","url":"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/","name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES AND SCIENTIFIC STUDIES","description":"Open Access Library","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/#organization"},"alternateName":"IJSSASS","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/#organization","name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES AND SCIENTIFIC STUDIES","alternateName":"IJSSASS","url":"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/c-users-user-desktop-logo-pnglogo-3.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/c-users-user-desktop-logo-pnglogo-3.png","width":300,"height":195,"caption":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES AND SCIENTIFIC STUDIES"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/ijssass"]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/#\/schema\/person\/adf9bae5731958270e2140cfc1af3771","name":"admin","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/e2404e10f252fd74bce698fdfc0296b3cfb701b99d14951364bf9586aaa0c4a8?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/e2404e10f252fd74bce698fdfc0296b3cfb701b99d14951364bf9586aaa0c4a8?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"admin"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal"],"url":"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/author\/admin\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6147","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/21"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6147"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6147\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6994,"href":"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6147\/revisions\/6994"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6147"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6147"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6147"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}