{"id":6015,"date":"2025-06-24T20:59:02","date_gmt":"2025-06-24T20:59:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/determinant-factors-of-antenatal-clinic-on-female-sex-workers-attendance-within-nairobi-county-kenya\/"},"modified":"2025-06-25T04:17:51","modified_gmt":"2025-06-25T04:17:51","slug":"determinant-factors-of-antenatal-clinic-on-female-sex-workers-attendance-within-nairobi-county-kenya","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/determinant-factors-of-antenatal-clinic-on-female-sex-workers-attendance-within-nairobi-county-kenya\/","title":{"rendered":"Determinant Factors of Antenatal Clinic on Female Sex Workers Attendance within Nairobi County, Kenya"},"content":{"rendered":"

This article was originally published as: Determinant Factors of Antenatal Clinic on Female Sex Workers Attendance within Nairobi County, Kenya<\/strong><\/p>\n

Original Article Link: Read Original Article<\/a><\/p>\n

Download PDF: Click Here to Download PDF<\/a><\/p>\n

Abstract<\/h2>\n

Globally antenatal care (ANC) initiation is at 58.6% but varies in different continents. Sub-Sahara has the lowest level of ANC care where women attend at least four times during pregnancy. Recent survey in Nairobi County found out that majority of women attends only one antenatal visit during pregnancy. The aim of the study was to explore determinants of antenatal clinic attendance among female sex workers in Nairobi County. A quantitative cross-sectional descriptive study among FSWs (18-49years) was carried out. Simple random sampling and self-administered questionnaires were used for data collection. Data analysis was done using descriptive and inferential statistics. The results show that 132 (32.8%) FSWs were aged 30 to 34 years, 242 (60.0%) were not married. 346 (85.9%) had unplanned pregnancy. Late ANC initiation was due to 42.4% (171) attitude of HCWs, 67.6% (215) distance to the healthcare facility and 86.1% (347) longer waiting time. On inferential analysis, there was an association between occupation of respondent vs number of ANC attendance which was significant   = 22.525, df 12, P = 0.032 at P < 0.05. Marital of respondent vs number of ANC attendance was significant  =29.058, df 15, P=0.016 at P<0.05. The income level of respondents vs number of antenatal care visits was significant  =17.557, df 6, P=0.007 at P<0.05. Thus, pregnant FSWs face discrimination during ANC visits. These research findings will form a basis for future studies as well as guide the Ministry of Health and other stakeholders to develop policies that will guide ANC services among FSWs. Outreach programs on ANC among FSWs should be implemented and there should ANC services that only target FSWs.<\/p>\n

Authors<\/h2>\n
    \n
  • Lonah Tunya (The Aga Khan University, Kenya)<\/li>\n
  • Horatius Musembi (Aga Khan University, Kenya)<\/li>\n
  • Maureen Akolo (Aga Khan University, Kenya)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    Keywords<\/h2>\n

    Antenatal clinic, Female sex workers, Human immune deficiency virus, Infections, Reproductive health<\/p>\n

    References<\/h2>\n

    References not available for this article.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    This article was originally published as: Determinant Factors of Antenatal Clinic on Female Sex Workers Attendance within Nairobi County, Kenya…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":21,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[124],"tags":[2545,2546,2547,368,2548],"class_list":["post-6015","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-articles","tag-antenatal-clinic","tag-female-sex-workers","tag-human-immune-deficiency-virus","tag-infections","tag-reproductive-health","wpcat-124-id"],"yoast_head":"\nDeterminant Factors of Antenatal Clinic on Female Sex Workers Attendance within Nairobi County, Kenya - IJSSASS Repository<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/determinant-factors-of-antenatal-clinic-on-female-sex-workers-attendance-within-nairobi-county-kenya\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Determinant Factors of Antenatal Clinic on Female Sex Workers Attendance within Nairobi County, Kenya - IJSSASS Repository\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"This article was originally published as: Determinant Factors of Antenatal Clinic on Female Sex Workers Attendance within Nairobi County, Kenya...\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/determinant-factors-of-antenatal-clinic-on-female-sex-workers-attendance-within-nairobi-county-kenya\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"IJSSASS Repository\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/ijssass\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-06-24T20:59:02+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-06-25T04:17:51+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/c-users-user-desktop-logo-pnglogo-2.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"300\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"195\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"admin\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"admin\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"2 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/determinant-factors-of-antenatal-clinic-on-female-sex-workers-attendance-within-nairobi-county-kenya\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/determinant-factors-of-antenatal-clinic-on-female-sex-workers-attendance-within-nairobi-county-kenya\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"admin\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/#\/schema\/person\/adf9bae5731958270e2140cfc1af3771\"},\"headline\":\"Determinant Factors of Antenatal Clinic on Female Sex Workers Attendance within Nairobi County, Kenya\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-06-24T20:59:02+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-06-25T04:17:51+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/determinant-factors-of-antenatal-clinic-on-female-sex-workers-attendance-within-nairobi-county-kenya\/\"},\"wordCount\":338,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/#organization\"},\"keywords\":[\"Antenatal clinic\",\"Female sex workers\",\"Human immune deficiency virus\",\"Infections\",\"Reproductive health\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Articles\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/determinant-factors-of-antenatal-clinic-on-female-sex-workers-attendance-within-nairobi-county-kenya\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/determinant-factors-of-antenatal-clinic-on-female-sex-workers-attendance-within-nairobi-county-kenya\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/determinant-factors-of-antenatal-clinic-on-female-sex-workers-attendance-within-nairobi-county-kenya\/\",\"name\":\"Determinant Factors of Antenatal Clinic on Female Sex Workers Attendance within Nairobi County, Kenya - IJSSASS Repository\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2025-06-24T20:59:02+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-06-25T04:17:51+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/determinant-factors-of-antenatal-clinic-on-female-sex-workers-attendance-within-nairobi-county-kenya\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/determinant-factors-of-antenatal-clinic-on-female-sex-workers-attendance-within-nairobi-county-kenya\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/determinant-factors-of-antenatal-clinic-on-female-sex-workers-attendance-within-nairobi-county-kenya\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Determinant Factors of Antenatal Clinic on Female Sex Workers Attendance within Nairobi County, Kenya\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/\",\"name\":\"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES AND SCIENTIFIC STUDIES\",\"description\":\"Open Access Library\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/#organization\"},\"alternateName\":\"IJSSASS\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/#organization\",\"name\":\"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES AND SCIENTIFIC STUDIES\",\"alternateName\":\"IJSSASS\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/c-users-user-desktop-logo-pnglogo-3.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/c-users-user-desktop-logo-pnglogo-3.png\",\"width\":300,\"height\":195,\"caption\":\"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES AND SCIENTIFIC STUDIES\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/ijssass\"]},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/#\/schema\/person\/adf9bae5731958270e2140cfc1af3771\",\"name\":\"admin\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/e2404e10f252fd74bce698fdfc0296b3cfb701b99d14951364bf9586aaa0c4a8?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/e2404e10f252fd74bce698fdfc0296b3cfb701b99d14951364bf9586aaa0c4a8?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"admin\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\"],\"url\":\"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/author\/admin\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Determinant Factors of Antenatal Clinic on Female Sex Workers Attendance within Nairobi County, Kenya - IJSSASS Repository","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/determinant-factors-of-antenatal-clinic-on-female-sex-workers-attendance-within-nairobi-county-kenya\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Determinant Factors of Antenatal Clinic on Female Sex Workers Attendance within Nairobi County, Kenya - IJSSASS Repository","og_description":"This article was originally published as: Determinant Factors of Antenatal Clinic on Female Sex Workers Attendance within Nairobi County, Kenya...","og_url":"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/determinant-factors-of-antenatal-clinic-on-female-sex-workers-attendance-within-nairobi-county-kenya\/","og_site_name":"IJSSASS Repository","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/ijssass","article_published_time":"2025-06-24T20:59:02+00:00","article_modified_time":"2025-06-25T04:17:51+00:00","og_image":[{"width":300,"height":195,"url":"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/c-users-user-desktop-logo-pnglogo-2.png","type":"image\/png"}],"author":"admin","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"admin","Est. reading time":"2 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/determinant-factors-of-antenatal-clinic-on-female-sex-workers-attendance-within-nairobi-county-kenya\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/determinant-factors-of-antenatal-clinic-on-female-sex-workers-attendance-within-nairobi-county-kenya\/"},"author":{"name":"admin","@id":"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/#\/schema\/person\/adf9bae5731958270e2140cfc1af3771"},"headline":"Determinant Factors of Antenatal Clinic on Female Sex Workers Attendance within Nairobi County, Kenya","datePublished":"2025-06-24T20:59:02+00:00","dateModified":"2025-06-25T04:17:51+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/determinant-factors-of-antenatal-clinic-on-female-sex-workers-attendance-within-nairobi-county-kenya\/"},"wordCount":338,"commentCount":0,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/#organization"},"keywords":["Antenatal clinic","Female sex workers","Human immune deficiency virus","Infections","Reproductive health"],"articleSection":["Articles"],"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/determinant-factors-of-antenatal-clinic-on-female-sex-workers-attendance-within-nairobi-county-kenya\/#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/determinant-factors-of-antenatal-clinic-on-female-sex-workers-attendance-within-nairobi-county-kenya\/","url":"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/determinant-factors-of-antenatal-clinic-on-female-sex-workers-attendance-within-nairobi-county-kenya\/","name":"Determinant Factors of Antenatal Clinic on Female Sex Workers Attendance within Nairobi County, Kenya - IJSSASS Repository","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/#website"},"datePublished":"2025-06-24T20:59:02+00:00","dateModified":"2025-06-25T04:17:51+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/determinant-factors-of-antenatal-clinic-on-female-sex-workers-attendance-within-nairobi-county-kenya\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/determinant-factors-of-antenatal-clinic-on-female-sex-workers-attendance-within-nairobi-county-kenya\/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/determinant-factors-of-antenatal-clinic-on-female-sex-workers-attendance-within-nairobi-county-kenya\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Determinant Factors of Antenatal Clinic on Female Sex Workers Attendance within Nairobi County, Kenya"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/#website","url":"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/","name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES AND SCIENTIFIC STUDIES","description":"Open Access Library","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/#organization"},"alternateName":"IJSSASS","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/#organization","name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES AND SCIENTIFIC STUDIES","alternateName":"IJSSASS","url":"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/c-users-user-desktop-logo-pnglogo-3.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/c-users-user-desktop-logo-pnglogo-3.png","width":300,"height":195,"caption":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES AND SCIENTIFIC STUDIES"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/ijssass"]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/#\/schema\/person\/adf9bae5731958270e2140cfc1af3771","name":"admin","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/e2404e10f252fd74bce698fdfc0296b3cfb701b99d14951364bf9586aaa0c4a8?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/e2404e10f252fd74bce698fdfc0296b3cfb701b99d14951364bf9586aaa0c4a8?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"admin"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal"],"url":"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/author\/admin\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6015","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/21"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6015"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6015\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7126,"href":"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6015\/revisions\/7126"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6015"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6015"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6015"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}