{"id":5215,"date":"2025-06-19T23:51:14","date_gmt":"2025-06-19T23:51:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/factors-influencing-the-ethical-conduct-of-public-relations-practitioners-in-commercial-banks-in-namibia\/"},"modified":"2025-06-21T06:17:41","modified_gmt":"2025-06-21T06:17:41","slug":"factors-influencing-the-ethical-conduct-of-public-relations-practitioners-in-commercial-banks-in-namibia","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/factors-influencing-the-ethical-conduct-of-public-relations-practitioners-in-commercial-banks-in-namibia\/","title":{"rendered":"Factors Influencing the Ethical Conduct of Public Relations Practitioners in Commercial Banks in Namibia"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>This article was originally published as: <strong>Factors Influencing the Ethical Conduct of Public Relations Practitioners in Commercial Banks in Namibia<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Original Article Link: <a href='https:\/\/journals.dut.ac.za\/index.php\/ajims\/article\/view\/824' target='_blank' rel='noopener'>Read Original Article<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Download PDF: <a href='https:\/\/journals.dut.ac.za\/index.php\/ajims\/article\/view\/824\/663' target='_blank' rel='noopener'>Click Here to Download PDF<\/a><\/p>\n<h2>Abstract<\/h2>\n<p>This study examines factors that influence the ethical conduct of practising Public Relations (PR) practitioners in commercial banks of Namibia. Such factors relate to the ethical behaviour of Public Relations professionals working in commercial banks. The factors include the presence of binding codes of ethics and conduct, individual moral compasses, pressure from top management, a sense of duty towards humanity, and knowledge of ethics and professionalism. This analysis reveals that PR practitioners face ethical challenges and dilemmas from the banks\u2019 dominant coalitions, ambiguous codes of ethics, speedy communication to the public necessitated by the news media, and the clash between the core values that inform the duty of PR professionals and those that prop up organisational culture. Ultimately, the challenges and dilemmas they confront in their work determines the way they conduct themselves ethically. The study conceives that PR practitioners are torn between upholding PR values that inform their duty and standing up for organisational values as advocated for by the dominant coalition. Ironically, PR practitioners are regarded as the ethical conscience of the commercial banks who, as per recommendations of the study, are expected to practise ethically and live up to their mandate of being custodians of ethical communication.<\/p>\n<h2>Authors<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Tawanda Zimanyi (Namibia University of Science and Technology)<\/li>\n<li>Rewai Makamani (Namibia University of Science and Technology; University of South Africa)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Keywords<\/h2>\n<p>Public relations, ethical conduct, law, moral reasoning<\/p>\n<h2>References<\/h2>\n<p>References not available for this article.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>This article was originally published as: Factors Influencing the Ethical Conduct of Public Relations Practitioners in Commercial Banks in Namibia&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":21,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[124],"tags":[2153,2118,179,2119,2117],"class_list":["post-5215","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-articles","tag-ajims","tag-ethical-conduct","tag-law","tag-moral-reasoning","tag-public-relations","wpcat-124-id"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Factors Influencing the Ethical Conduct of Public Relations Practitioners in Commercial Banks in Namibia - IJSSASS Repository<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/factors-influencing-the-ethical-conduct-of-public-relations-practitioners-in-commercial-banks-in-namibia\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Factors Influencing the Ethical Conduct of Public Relations Practitioners in Commercial Banks in Namibia - IJSSASS Repository\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"This article was originally published as: Factors Influencing the Ethical Conduct of Public Relations Practitioners in Commercial Banks in Namibia...\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/factors-influencing-the-ethical-conduct-of-public-relations-practitioners-in-commercial-banks-in-namibia\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"IJSSASS Repository\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/ijssass\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-06-19T23:51:14+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-06-21T06:17:41+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/c-users-user-desktop-logo-pnglogo-2.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"300\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"195\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"admin\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"admin\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"1 minute\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/factors-influencing-the-ethical-conduct-of-public-relations-practitioners-in-commercial-banks-in-namibia\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/factors-influencing-the-ethical-conduct-of-public-relations-practitioners-in-commercial-banks-in-namibia\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"admin\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/#\/schema\/person\/adf9bae5731958270e2140cfc1af3771\"},\"headline\":\"Factors Influencing the Ethical Conduct of Public Relations Practitioners in Commercial Banks in Namibia\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-06-19T23:51:14+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-06-21T06:17:41+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/factors-influencing-the-ethical-conduct-of-public-relations-practitioners-in-commercial-banks-in-namibia\/\"},\"wordCount\":284,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/#organization\"},\"keywords\":[\"ajims\",\"ethical conduct\",\"Law\",\"moral reasoning\",\"Public relations\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Articles\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/factors-influencing-the-ethical-conduct-of-public-relations-practitioners-in-commercial-banks-in-namibia\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/factors-influencing-the-ethical-conduct-of-public-relations-practitioners-in-commercial-banks-in-namibia\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/factors-influencing-the-ethical-conduct-of-public-relations-practitioners-in-commercial-banks-in-namibia\/\",\"name\":\"Factors Influencing the Ethical Conduct of Public Relations Practitioners in Commercial Banks in Namibia - IJSSASS Repository\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2025-06-19T23:51:14+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-06-21T06:17:41+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/factors-influencing-the-ethical-conduct-of-public-relations-practitioners-in-commercial-banks-in-namibia\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/factors-influencing-the-ethical-conduct-of-public-relations-practitioners-in-commercial-banks-in-namibia\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/factors-influencing-the-ethical-conduct-of-public-relations-practitioners-in-commercial-banks-in-namibia\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Factors Influencing the Ethical Conduct of Public Relations Practitioners in Commercial Banks in Namibia\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/\",\"name\":\"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES AND SCIENTIFIC STUDIES\",\"description\":\"Open Access Library\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/#organization\"},\"alternateName\":\"IJSSASS\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/#organization\",\"name\":\"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES AND SCIENTIFIC STUDIES\",\"alternateName\":\"IJSSASS\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/c-users-user-desktop-logo-pnglogo-3.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/c-users-user-desktop-logo-pnglogo-3.png\",\"width\":300,\"height\":195,\"caption\":\"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES AND SCIENTIFIC STUDIES\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/ijssass\"]},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/#\/schema\/person\/adf9bae5731958270e2140cfc1af3771\",\"name\":\"admin\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/e2404e10f252fd74bce698fdfc0296b3cfb701b99d14951364bf9586aaa0c4a8?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/e2404e10f252fd74bce698fdfc0296b3cfb701b99d14951364bf9586aaa0c4a8?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"admin\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\"],\"url\":\"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/author\/admin\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Factors Influencing the Ethical Conduct of Public Relations Practitioners in Commercial Banks in Namibia - IJSSASS Repository","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/factors-influencing-the-ethical-conduct-of-public-relations-practitioners-in-commercial-banks-in-namibia\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Factors Influencing the Ethical Conduct of Public Relations Practitioners in Commercial Banks in Namibia - IJSSASS Repository","og_description":"This article was originally published as: Factors Influencing the Ethical Conduct of Public Relations Practitioners in Commercial Banks in Namibia...","og_url":"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/factors-influencing-the-ethical-conduct-of-public-relations-practitioners-in-commercial-banks-in-namibia\/","og_site_name":"IJSSASS Repository","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/ijssass","article_published_time":"2025-06-19T23:51:14+00:00","article_modified_time":"2025-06-21T06:17:41+00:00","og_image":[{"width":300,"height":195,"url":"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/c-users-user-desktop-logo-pnglogo-2.png","type":"image\/png"}],"author":"admin","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"admin","Est. reading time":"1 minute"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/factors-influencing-the-ethical-conduct-of-public-relations-practitioners-in-commercial-banks-in-namibia\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/factors-influencing-the-ethical-conduct-of-public-relations-practitioners-in-commercial-banks-in-namibia\/"},"author":{"name":"admin","@id":"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/#\/schema\/person\/adf9bae5731958270e2140cfc1af3771"},"headline":"Factors Influencing the Ethical Conduct of Public Relations Practitioners in Commercial Banks in Namibia","datePublished":"2025-06-19T23:51:14+00:00","dateModified":"2025-06-21T06:17:41+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/factors-influencing-the-ethical-conduct-of-public-relations-practitioners-in-commercial-banks-in-namibia\/"},"wordCount":284,"commentCount":0,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/#organization"},"keywords":["ajims","ethical conduct","Law","moral reasoning","Public relations"],"articleSection":["Articles"],"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/factors-influencing-the-ethical-conduct-of-public-relations-practitioners-in-commercial-banks-in-namibia\/#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/factors-influencing-the-ethical-conduct-of-public-relations-practitioners-in-commercial-banks-in-namibia\/","url":"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/factors-influencing-the-ethical-conduct-of-public-relations-practitioners-in-commercial-banks-in-namibia\/","name":"Factors Influencing the Ethical Conduct of Public Relations Practitioners in Commercial Banks in Namibia - IJSSASS Repository","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/#website"},"datePublished":"2025-06-19T23:51:14+00:00","dateModified":"2025-06-21T06:17:41+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/factors-influencing-the-ethical-conduct-of-public-relations-practitioners-in-commercial-banks-in-namibia\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/factors-influencing-the-ethical-conduct-of-public-relations-practitioners-in-commercial-banks-in-namibia\/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/factors-influencing-the-ethical-conduct-of-public-relations-practitioners-in-commercial-banks-in-namibia\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Factors Influencing the Ethical Conduct of Public Relations Practitioners in Commercial Banks in Namibia"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/#website","url":"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/","name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES AND SCIENTIFIC STUDIES","description":"Open Access Library","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/#organization"},"alternateName":"IJSSASS","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/#organization","name":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES AND SCIENTIFIC STUDIES","alternateName":"IJSSASS","url":"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/c-users-user-desktop-logo-pnglogo-3.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/c-users-user-desktop-logo-pnglogo-3.png","width":300,"height":195,"caption":"INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES AND SCIENTIFIC STUDIES"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/ijssass"]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/#\/schema\/person\/adf9bae5731958270e2140cfc1af3771","name":"admin","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/e2404e10f252fd74bce698fdfc0296b3cfb701b99d14951364bf9586aaa0c4a8?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/e2404e10f252fd74bce698fdfc0296b3cfb701b99d14951364bf9586aaa0c4a8?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"admin"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal"],"url":"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/author\/admin\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5215","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/21"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5215"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5215\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5254,"href":"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5215\/revisions\/5254"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5215"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5215"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5215"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}