{"id":4124,"date":"2024-09-10T10:09:41","date_gmt":"2024-09-10T10:09:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/?p=4124"},"modified":"2025-04-16T21:33:50","modified_gmt":"2025-04-16T21:33:50","slug":"les-causes-dhospitalisation-neonatale-a-lubumbashi-haut-katanga-r-d-congo","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/les-causes-dhospitalisation-neonatale-a-lubumbashi-haut-katanga-r-d-congo\/","title":{"rendered":"LES CAUSES D\u2019HOSPITALISATION NEONATALE A LUBUMBASHI \/ HAUT-KATANGA \/ R.D.CONGO"},"content":{"rendered":"

R\u00e9sum\u00e9<\/strong><\/p>\n

Dans l\u2019optique de contribuer \u00e0 l\u2019am\u00e9lioration des survies des nouveau-n\u00e9s \u00e0 Lubumbashi, nous avons men\u00e9 une \u00e9tude descriptive transversale \u00e0 r\u00e9colte des donn\u00e9es retrospective, sur une p\u00e9riode de 3 ans\u00a0( de janvier 2021 \u00e0 novembre 2023), portant sur les causes d\u2019hospitalisations n\u00e9onatales \u00e0 Lubumbashi. Nous avons retenu 471 nouveau-n\u00e9s. Apr\u00e8s nos observations, il ressort que les hospitalisations n\u00e9onatales repr\u00e9sentent 15,12% des pathologies en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral. Les causes fr\u00e9quentes \u00e9taient\u00a0: l\u2019an\u00e9mie 30,15% comme grande pourvoyeuse des causes n\u00e9onatales, l\u2019infection n\u00e9onatale 27,81%\u00a0et les ict\u00e8res 13,80%\u00a0, la pu\u00e9riculture 12,95% et la d\u00e9tresse respiratoire 12,74%\u00a0; malformation cong\u00e9nitales 1,91%\u00a0; hyperglyc\u00e9mie 0,64% . Nous voulons bien contribuer par cette \u00e9tude\u00a0; \u00e0 identifier les causes les plus pourvoyeuses des hospitalisations n\u00e9onatales dans notre milieu pour adopter des attitudes prophylactiques idoines.<\/p>\n

Abstract<\/strong><\/p>\n

With a view to contributing to improving the survival of newborns in Lubumbashi, we carried out a cross-sectional descriptive study with retrospective data collection, on a period of 3 years (from January 2021 to November 2023), covering the causes of hospitalizations neonatal care in Lubumbashi. We retained 471 newborns. After our observations, it appears that neonatal hospitalizations represent 15.12% of pathologies in general. The causes frequent were: anemia 30.15% as the main cause of neonatal causes, neonatal infection 27.81% and jaundice 13.80%, childcare 12.95% and distress respiratory 12.74%; congenital malformation 1.91%; hyperglycemia 0.64%. We want contribute well through this study; to identify the main causes of hospitalizations neonatal in our environment to adopt appropriate prophylactic attitudes.<\/p>\n

Keywords : Causes, hospitalizations, newborns, Lubumbash<\/p>\n

<\/a>I.INTRODUCTION<\/strong><\/p>\n

La p\u00e9riode n\u00e9onatale est une \u00e9tape d\u2019une grande vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 au sein de la population p\u00e9diatrique. Le risque d\u2019\u00e9volution d\u00e9favorable brusque pendant cette p\u00e9riode impose une prise en charge pr\u00e9coce et adapt\u00e9e. L\u2019urgence vitale chez le nouveau-n\u00e9 \u00e0 terme apr\u00e8s sortie de maternit\u00e9 est rare (1% des cas), mais potentiellement grave [1]. Dans certains pays europ\u00e9ens comme en Su\u00e8de ou certains Etats am\u00e9ricains, l\u2019organisation des soins bas\u00e9e sur un suivi syst\u00e9matique dans les premiers jours apr\u00e8s sortie pr\u00e9coce de maternit\u00e9 limite le recours aux urgences et le taux d\u2019hospitalisation pr\u00e9coce [4].<\/p>\n

Les hospitalisations n\u00e9onatales en France repr\u00e9sentent 25 \u00e0 30% de la totalit\u00e9 d\u2019enfants avec une augmentation moyenne annuelle de 5% et dans 56% de cas\u00a0; elles sont m\u00e9dicales [5]. La fr\u00e9quentation des urgences p\u00e9diatriques par les nouveau-n\u00e9s est en constante augmentation en France comme \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tranger. Les nouveau-n\u00e9s repr\u00e9sentent dor\u00e9navant selon les \u00e9tudes de 0,9 \u00e0 2,3% des consultations aux urgences p\u00e9diatriques [6]. Les principales causes d\u2019hospitalisation au Mali sont repr\u00e9sent\u00e9es par la pr\u00e9maturit\u00e9 (30,2% ), l\u2019anoxie p\u00e9rinatale (27,4%) et l\u2019infection n\u00e9onatale (22,9%) [7]. En R\u00e9publique de Guin\u00e9e, les hospitalisations n\u00e9onatales sont \u00e9valu\u00e9es \u00e0 4,23% en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral. En 10 Ans, 37,79% de cas d\u2019affections de la paroi abdominale ont \u00e9t\u00e9 enregistr\u00e9s, 32,88% de cas d\u2019affections neurologiques, 27,48% des affections du tube digestif et 2,25% de cas des affections uro-g\u00e9nitales [11].<\/p>\n

Les hospitalisations n\u00e9onatales demeurent un probl\u00e8me de sant\u00e9 publique surtout les pays en d\u00e9veloppement tel que la R\u00e9publique D\u00e9mocratique du Congo o\u00f9 le sujet demeure encore pr\u00e9occupant\u00a0; car les hospitalisations n\u00e9onatales sont pr\u00e9coces \u00e0 84% des cas \u00e0 Kindu et la morbidit\u00e9 domin\u00e9e par l\u2019infection n\u00e9onatale 82%\u00a0, la pr\u00e9maturit\u00e9 15%\u00a0et l\u2019asphyxie n\u00e9onatale 8% [2] . A l\u2019\u00e8re du troisi\u00e8me mill\u00e9naire o\u00f9 les pays en voie de d\u00e9veloppement tels que la R.D.Congo, ont un d\u00e9fi majeur \u00e0 relever dans diff\u00e9rents domaines, la qualit\u00e9 de vie des nouveau-n\u00e9s est d\u2019une importance grandissante surtout que ces derniers sont pr\u00e9dispos\u00e9s \u00e0 plusieurs pathologies. La ville de Lubumbashi\u00a0; notre lieu d\u2019\u00e9tude, ne compte que deux unit\u00e9s de n\u00e9onatologie sur environ 2.933.962 d\u2019habitants en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral et environ 210.081 d\u2019enfants en particulier [9] pour moins de 20 p\u00e9diatres pratiquants\u00a0; raisons pour lesquelles les hospitalisations n\u00e9onatales posent les probl\u00e8mes d\u2019accroissement suite au nombre insuffisant du personnel soignant qualifi\u00e9 pouvant pr\u00e9venir et ou d\u00e9pister les pathologies les 3 premiers jours de vie. De ce qui pr\u00e9c\u00e8de, nous r\u00e9pondrons \u00e0 la question ci-apr\u00e8s\u00a0: quelles sont les diff\u00e9rentes causes d\u2019hospitalisations n\u00e9onatales \u00e0 Lubumbashi\u00a0 et quelle serait la fr\u00e9quence de ces causes\u00a0?<\/p>\n

L\u2019objectif g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de cette \u00e9tude est de contribuer \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9l\u00e9vation de survie des nouveau-n\u00e9s \u00e0 Lubumbashi. Pour parvenir \u00e0 cette fin, nous devrions\u00a0:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. D\u00e9terminer les causes d\u2019hospitalisations n\u00e9onatales \u00e0 Lubumbashi.<\/li>\n
  2. D\u00e9terminer la fr\u00e9quence des causes d\u2019hospitalisation n\u00e9onatale \u00e0 Lubumbashi.<\/li>\n
  3. D\u00e9terminer l\u2019issue des nouveau-n\u00e9s.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Quoique certaines \u00e9tudes se soient pench\u00e9es sur ce sujet, les investigations portant sur les causes d\u2019hospitalisations n\u00e9onatales sont rares \u00e0 Lubumbashi. Ainsi donc, il nous a paru n\u00e9cessaire de mener cette recherche dans notre milieu.<\/p>\n

    II. METHODOLOGIE<\/strong><\/p>\n

      \n
    • Lieu d\u2019\u00e9tude\u00a0: <\/strong>deux grands h\u00f4pitaux repr\u00e9sentatifs des structures sanitaires de la ville de Lubumbashi\u00a0; les Cliniques Universitaires et l\u2019h\u00f4pital provincial de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence Janson Sendwe. La ville de Lubumbashi regorge 7 communes dont la commune de Lubumbashi, de Kampemba, de Kamalondo, de Ruashi, de Kenya, de Katuba et la commune Annexe. Les Cliniques Universitaires et l\u2019h\u00f4pital provincial de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence Janson Sendwe sont tous les deux localis\u00e9s dans la commune de Lubumbashi.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      \"C:\\Users\\lenovo\\Desktop\\MASTER<\/p>\n

      Figure 1\u00a0: Cartographie de la ville de Lubumbashi<\/p>\n

        \n
      • P\u00e9riode d\u2019\u00e9tude<\/strong>\u00a0: du premier janvier 2021 au 30 novembre 2023<\/li>\n
      • Type d\u2019\u00e9tude<\/strong>\u00a0: \u00e9tude descriptive transversale<\/li>\n
      • Mat\u00e9riels\u00a0<\/strong>: fiche des malades , fiches des r\u00e9coltes donn\u00e9es , registre, carnet de sant\u00e9, ordinateurs<\/li>\n
      • Logiciel utilis\u00e9<\/strong>\u00a0: Stata, Excel<\/li>\n
      • Crit\u00e8res de s\u00e9lection\u00a0:<\/strong><\/li>\n
      • Crit\u00e8res d\u2019inclusion\u00a0<\/strong>: \u00eatre \u00e2g\u00e9 de 0 \u00e0 28 jours et tout nouveau-n\u00e9 dont l\u2019affection a fait l\u2019objet d\u2019hospitalisation et pour lequel les informations ont paru compl\u00e8tes.<\/li>\n
      • Crit\u00e8res d\u2019exclusion\u00a0: <\/strong>tout nouveau-n\u00e9 suivi en ambulatoire pendant la p\u00e9riode d\u2019\u00e9tude\u00a0; <\/strong>tout nouveau-n\u00e9 sorti de l\u2019hospitalisation vivant ou d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 apr\u00e8s 28 jours et tout celui dont les donn\u00e9es \u00e9taient incompl\u00e8tes et ou inexploitables.<\/li>\n
      • Variables retenues<\/strong>\u00a0: \u00e2ge, sexe, poids, causes d\u2019hospitalisation, \u00e2ge de la m\u00e8re, issue des nouveau-n\u00e9s.<\/li>\n
      • Echantillonnage<\/strong>\u00a0: exhaustif prenant dans l\u2019ensemble 3114 nouveau-n\u00e9s dont 471 retenus suivant les crit\u00e8res d\u2019inclusion.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        III. RESULTATS <\/strong><\/p>\n

        R\u00e9partition selon les Causes d\u2019hospitalisations <\/strong><\/p>\n

        Il ressort de cette figure que la cause la plus \u00e9l\u00e9v\u00e9e reste l\u2019an\u00e9mie avec 30,15% et la plus basse est l\u2019hyperglyc\u00e9mie avec 0,64%.<\/p>\n

          \n
        1. Tableau cumul\u00e9\u00a0: causes, traitement et issue<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
          \u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\nTRANCHES D\u2019AGE<\/strong><\/td>\nEFFECTIFS<\/strong><\/td>\nPRISE EN CHARGE<\/strong><\/td>\nISSUE<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          CAUSES<\/strong><\/td>\nn=471<\/strong><\/td>\nGUERRIS<\/strong><\/td>\nDECES<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          M<\/strong><\/td>\nF<\/strong><\/td>\nM<\/strong><\/td>\nF<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          <\/td>\n(%)<\/strong><\/td>\n(%)<\/strong><\/td>\n(%)<\/strong><\/td>\n(%)<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          An\u00e9mie<\/td>\n0-7<\/td>\n97<\/td>\nTransfusion sanguine<\/td>\n20(14,1)<\/td>\n71(50)<\/td>\n2(1,4)<\/td>\n4(2,8)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          > 7<\/td>\n45<\/td>\nTransfusion sanguine<\/td>\n15(10,6)<\/td>\n23(16,2)<\/td>\n1(0,7)<\/td>\n6(4,2)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          Infection<\/td>\n0-7<\/td>\n70<\/td>\nAntibioth\u00e9rapie<\/td>\n35(26,7)<\/td>\n25(19,1)<\/td>\n8(6,1)<\/td>\n2(1,5)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          > 7<\/td>\n61<\/td>\nAntibioth\u00e9rapie<\/td>\n21(16)<\/td>\n34(26)<\/td>\n1(0,8)<\/td>\n5(3,8)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          Ict\u00e8re<\/td>\n0-7<\/td>\n37<\/td>\nPhototh\u00e9rapie, exsanguinotransfusion et hydratation<\/td>\n16(24,6)<\/td>\n18(27,7)<\/td>\n3(4,6)<\/td>\n0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          > 7<\/td>\n28<\/td>\nExsanguinotransfusion, hydratation<\/td>\n9(13,8)<\/td>\n12(18,5)<\/td>\n5(7,7)<\/td>\n2(3,1)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          Pr\u00e9maturit\u00e9<\/td>\n0-7<\/td>\n41<\/td>\nPu\u00e9riculture<\/td>\n19(31,1)<\/td>\n20(32,8)<\/td>\n2(3,3)<\/td>\n0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          > 7<\/td>\n20<\/td>\nPu\u00e9riculture<\/td>\n5(8,2)<\/td>\n12(19,7)<\/td>\n1(1,6)<\/td>\n2(3,3)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          D\u00e9tresse respiratoire<\/td>\n0-7<\/td>\n45<\/td>\nOxyg\u00e9noth\u00e9rapie, ionoth\u00e9rapie<\/td>\n15(25)<\/td>\n27(45)<\/td>\n3(5)<\/td>\n0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          > 7<\/td>\n15<\/td>\nOxyg\u00e9noth\u00e9rapie, ionoth\u00e9rapie<\/td>\n4(6,7)<\/td>\n10(16,7)<\/td>\n1(1,7)<\/td>\n0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          Malformation cong\u00e9nitale<\/td>\n0-7<\/td>\n7<\/td>\nR\u00e9paration chirurgicale<\/td>\n1(11,1)<\/td>\n4(44,4)<\/td>\n1(11,1)<\/td>\n0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          > 7<\/td>\n2<\/td>\nR\u00e9paration chirurgicale<\/td>\n1(11,1)<\/td>\n1(11,1)<\/td>\n0<\/td>\n0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          Hyperglyc\u00e9mie<\/td>\n0-7<\/td>\n2<\/td>\nHydratation<\/td>\n1(33,3)<\/td>\n1(33,3)<\/td>\n0<\/td>\n0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          > 7<\/td>\n1<\/td>\nHydratation<\/td>\n0<\/td>\n1(33,3)<\/td>\n0<\/td>\n0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

          De ce qui pr\u00e9c\u00e8de, il ressort que le sexe f\u00e9minin a enregistr\u00e9 le nombre \u00e9lev\u00e9 de gu\u00e9rison (269 cas) et le sexe masculin a enregistr\u00e9 le nombre \u00e9lev\u00e9 de d\u00e9c\u00e8s \u00e0 l\u2019issue des hospitalisations (28 cas).<\/p>\n

          R\u00e9partition selon l\u2019Age (jour)<\/strong><\/p>\n

          Figure 2\u00a0: Age en jour<\/strong><\/p>\n

          Il ressort de cette figure que la tranche d\u2019\u00e2ge comprise entre 0 \u00e0 7 jours est celle la touch\u00e9e avec 88,09%<\/p>\n

          Repr\u00e9sentation selon la prise en charge<\/strong><\/p>\n

          Figure 3: Prise en charge<\/strong><\/p>\n

          Tableau 2. Caract\u00e9ristiques socio-d\u00e9mographiques des enqu\u00eat\u00e9s<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
          Caract\u00e9ristiques<\/td>\nn<\/td>\n%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          Age de la m\u00e8re (ann\u00e9es)<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          15-24<\/td>\n190<\/td>\n40,4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          25-34<\/td>\n271<\/td>\n57,7<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          \u2265 35<\/td>\n9<\/td>\n1,9<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          Sexe du nouveau-n\u00e9<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          Masculin<\/td>\n215<\/td>\n45,7<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          F\u00e9minin<\/td>\n256<\/td>\n54,3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          Age du nouveau-n\u00e9 (en jours)<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          0-3 jours<\/td>\n214<\/td>\n45,5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          4-7 jours<\/td>\n200<\/td>\n42,6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          8-28 jours<\/td>\n56<\/td>\n11,9<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

          La tranche d\u2019\u00e2ge la plus touch\u00e9e est comprise entre 0 \u00e0 3 jours avec 45,5%.<\/p>\n

          Tableau 3. Caract\u00e9ristiques cliniques des nouveau-n\u00e9s<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
          Caract\u00e9ristiques<\/td>\nn<\/td>\n%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          Poids \u00e0 la naissance (grammes)<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          < 2500<\/td>\n253<\/td>\n53,8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          \u2265 2500<\/td>\n217<\/td>\n46,2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          Mode d\u2019accouchement<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          Eutocie<\/td>\n367<\/td>\n78,1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          Dystocie<\/td>\n103<\/td>\n21,9<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          R\u00e9f\u00e9rence<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          Oui<\/td>\n205<\/td>\n43,6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          Non<\/td>\n265<\/td>\n56,4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          Issue<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          D\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9<\/td>\n49<\/td>\n10,4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          Gu\u00e9ris<\/td>\n421<\/td>\n89,6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

          L\u2019accouchement eutocyque constitue le mode le plus remarqu\u00e9 avec 78,1% et plus de la moiti\u00e9 des malades n\u2019\u00e9tant pas r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9s\u00a0;soit 56,4%.<\/p>\n

          Tableau 4. Issue des nouveau-n\u00e9s en fonction des certaines caract\u00e9ristiques<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
          Caract\u00e9ristiques<\/td>\nIssue<\/td>\np<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          D\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9sn (%)<\/td>\nGu\u00e9risn (%)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          Poids de naissance<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n0,010<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          < 2500<\/td>\n35 (71,4)<\/td>\n218 (51,7)<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          \u2265 2500<\/td>\n14 (28,6)<\/td>\n204 (48,3)<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          Mode d\u2019accouchement<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n0,465<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          Eutocique<\/td>\n36 (73,5)<\/td>\n331 (78,5)<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          Dystocique<\/td>\n13 (26,5)<\/td>\n91 (21,5)<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          Age de la m\u00e8re (ann\u00e9es)<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n0,002<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          15-24<\/td>\n31 (63,3)<\/td>\n159 (37,7)<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          25-34<\/td>\n17 (34,7)<\/td>\n255 (60,4)<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          \u2265 35<\/td>\n1 (2,0)<\/td>\n8 (1,9)<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

          IV. DISCUSSION<\/strong><\/p>\n

          Les principales causes d\u2019hospitalisation au Mali ont \u00e9t\u00e9 repr\u00e9sent\u00e9es par la pr\u00e9maturit\u00e9 (30,2% ),l\u2019anoxie p\u00e9rinatale (27,4%) et l\u2019infection n\u00e9onatale (22,9%) [7] alors que notre travail a mis en \u00e9vidence l\u2019an\u00e9mie 30,15% comme grande pourvoyeuse des causes d\u2019hospitalisations n\u00e9onatales, suivie de l\u2019infection n\u00e9onatale 27,81%\u00a0et les ict\u00e8res 13,80%\u00a0. Dans une \u00e9tude effectu\u00e9e \u00e0 Marseille par Camille Ravel et Marion Nimal en 2020\u00a0; les nouveau-n\u00e9s hospitalis\u00e9s \u00e9taient plus immatures \u00e0 la naissance et plus souvent de sexe masculin (54.0%) et la proportion de nouveau-n\u00e9s d\u2019\u00e2ge gestationnel inf\u00e9rieure \u00e0 38 Semaines d\u2019Amenorrh\u00e9e \u00e9tait de 26,7% dans la population hospitalis\u00e9e contre 20,5% dans la population non hospitalis\u00e9e\u00a0. Bien qu\u2019il n\u2019y e\u00fbt aucune diff\u00e9rence concernant la moyenne du poids de naissance entre les deux groupes [12]. Contrairement \u00e0 notre \u00e9tude qui a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9e la majorit\u00e9 des nouveau-n\u00e9s hospitalis\u00e9s \u00e9tant matures \u00a0; soit 87,05 % alors que la pr\u00e9dominance \u00e9tait f\u00e9minine; soit 54,3 % et la tranche d\u2019\u00e2ge des nouveau-n\u00e9s la plus touch\u00e9e \u00e9tait celle de 0 \u00e0 3 jours de vie (45,5%) . Une \u00e9tude men\u00e9e en 2013 par Kisito et al. \u00e0 Ouagadougou a point\u00e9 l\u2019hypoglyc\u00e9mie n\u00e9onatale \u00e0 4,4% des cas de cause d\u2019hospitalisations[10]\u00a0; alors que notre \u00e9tude a mis en \u00e9vidence l\u2019hyperglyc\u00e9mie \u00e0 0,64%. Dans notre \u00e9tude, le nombre de survie n\u00e9onatale est 89,6% et l\u2019OMS en 2018 d\u2019ajouter\u00a0; que les chances de survie des nouveau-n\u00e9s sont \u00e9troitement li\u00e9es au niveau de revenu du pays dans lesquels ils voient jour. Dans les pays \u00e0 revenu \u00e9lev\u00e9, le taux de mortalit\u00e9 n\u00e9onatale moyen est de seulement trois pour 1000 naissances vivantes\u00a0; tel qu\u2019au Japon ,1 d\u00e9c\u00e8s\/1000 naissances, par contre\u00a0; 46 sur 1000 naissances ne survivent pas avant un mois au Pakistan [13]. Cette logique va \u00e0 l\u2019encontre de nos r\u00e9sultats sur le nombre \u00e9lev\u00e9 des nouveau-n\u00e9s survivants alors que notre pays (RDC) est celui \u00e0 ressources faibles. L\u2019\u00e2ge moyen des m\u00e8res \u00e9tait de 34 Ans selon Harir et al en 2015, en suite, 89% de nouveau-n\u00e9s \u00e9taient pr\u00e9matur\u00e9s [8] et les enfants de m\u00e8res de moins de 25 ans \u00e9taient plus hospitalis\u00e9s [5].\u00a0Contrairement \u00e0 la tranche d\u2019\u00e2ge des m\u00e8res dans notre \u00e9tude qui \u00e9tait de 25 \u00e0 34 Ans alors que les nouveau-n\u00e9s pr\u00e9matur\u00e9s \u00e9taient \u00e0 12,95% des cas . Une \u00e9valuation faite \u00e0 la maternit\u00e9 d\u2019Ignace-Deen de Conakry en 2022 par Abdourahamane et al. a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 les malformations cong\u00e9nitales \u00e0 0,3% et 26% ont eu besoin d\u2019une r\u00e9animation \u00e0 la naissance [16]. Ceci qui corrobore avec notre \u00e9tude ayant mis en \u00e9vidence les malformations cong\u00e9nitales \u00e0 1,91% .<\/p>\n

          CONCLUSION<\/strong><\/p>\n

          L\u2019hospitalisation est un indicateur important de morbi-mortalit\u00e9 n\u00e9onatale et utilis\u00e9 habituellement pour \u00e9valuer l\u2019impact et la pertinence des organisations de soins p\u00e9rinatals. Cette \u00e9tude a indiqu\u00e9 les principales causes d\u2019hospitalisation n\u00e9onatales \u00e9taient l\u2019an\u00e9mie, l\u2019infection, l\u2019ict\u00e8re, pu\u00e9riculture et la d\u00e9tresse respiratoire responsables des cons\u00e9quences voire le d\u00e9c\u00e8s. Ainsi donc\u00a0; une consultation pr\u00e9coce durant les 3 jours suivant la sortie de maternit\u00e9, par un m\u00e9decin ou une sage-femme r\u00e9duirait le risque d\u2019hospitalisation au cours de la p\u00e9riode n\u00e9onatale.<\/p>\n

          SUGGESTIONS<\/strong><\/p>\n

          Aux autorit\u00e9s politico-administratives, d\u2019appuyer les unit\u00e9s de n\u00e9onatologie en mat\u00e9riels ad\u00e9quats et en subventionnant les soins n\u00e9onataux. Aux autorit\u00e9s sanitaires, d\u2019assurer la formation continue du personnel soignant. Au personnel soignant, d\u2019assurer efficacement les soins n\u00e9onataux. Et aux parents, de consentir et d\u2019adh\u00e9rer au traitement de leur nouveau-n\u00e9s.<\/p>\n

          Conflit d\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eat\u00a0: Aucun<\/strong><\/p>\n

          REFERENCES <\/strong><\/h1>\n

          1] Lode N. et al., Urgences vitales chez le moins d\u2019un mois,Elsever,2004<\/p>\n

          2] Abdala K. et al.,Morbi-mortalit\u00e9 n\u00e9onatale dans un hopital g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence en R\u00e9publique D\u00e9mocratique du Congo\u00a0: Etat de lieux et perspectives, Journ\u00e9es p\u00e9diatriques de MSF,2021<\/p>\n

          3] Azoumah DK et al, Les urgences m\u00e9dicales p\u00e9diatriques au CHU campus de Lom\u00e9. Aspects \u00e9pid\u00e9miologiques, une chance de survivre. Journal de Lom\u00e9 2010\u00a0; 12(2)\u00a0:27-38<\/p>\n

          4] Boubred F et al. Morbidit\u00e9 n\u00e9onatale pr\u00e9coce apr\u00e8s sortie de maternit\u00e9\u2009: \u00e9tude comparative entre deux maternit\u00e9s \u00e0 Stockholm et Marseille. Archives de P\u00e9diatrie. 2016;23(3):234\u201140.<\/p>\n

          5] Huev Walter Nicolete, Implications des p\u00e9diatres dans l\u2019accueil des urgences,2016<\/p>\n

          6] Claudet et al., Fr\u00e9quentation des urgences p\u00e9diatriques, Bibliosante.ml, 2012.<\/p>\n

          7] Fatoumata D-T et al, Unit\u00e9 de n\u00e9onatologie de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence nationale du Mali\u00a0: \u00e9tat des lieux, Sant\u00e9 publique,2014<\/p>\n

          8] Harir N\u00a0., Facteurs de risque de mortalit\u00e9 n\u00e9onatale dans l\u2019hopital gyn\u00e9cologie-obst\u00e9trique de la Wilaya de Sidi Bel Abbes, Alg\u00e9rie, Pan Afr Med J. 2015\u00a0; 20\u00a0:387.<\/p>\n

          9] Lubumbashi Population 2024 – World Population Review.<\/p>\n

          10] Kisito N\u00a0. et al.,Morbidit\u00e9 et mortalit\u00e9 des nouveau-n\u00e9s hospitalis\u00e9s sur 10 ann\u00e9es \u00e0 la Clinique El Fateh-Suka( Ouagadougou,Burkina Faso ), Pan Afr Med J.,2013\u00a0;13\u00a0:153.<\/p>\n

          11] Keita M, et al, Urgences n\u00e9onatales dans le service de p\u00e9diatrie,2019<\/p>\n

          12] Camille Ravel, Marion Nimal. Facteurs de risque d\u2019hospitalisation et parcours de soin au cours du premier mois de vie d\u2019une population de nouveau-n\u00e9s \u201dsains\u201d: \u00e9tude en population dans la r\u00e9gion PACA. Sciences du Vivant [q-bio]. 2020. dumas-03148489<\/p>\n

          13] Siobhan Devine , Guy Taylor\u00a0; Pour chaque enfant, une chance de vivre, Rapport Unicef, 2018<\/p>\n

          14] Verhaaren Alice, Etude analytique des motifs de consultations n\u00e9onatales non programm\u00e9es\u00a0: Elaboration d\u2019un outil de pr\u00e9vention et d\u2019orientation des parents au sein du r\u00e9seau Ville-hopital, HAL open science,2021<\/p>\n

          15] Yves Willemot, Sylvie Sona, Pour chaque enfant, une chance de survivre\u00a0; Rapport Unicef pour la R.D.C\u00a0, 2018<\/p>\n

          16] Abdourahamane D. et al, Statut \u00e0 la naissance et prise en charge des nouveau-n\u00e9s dans une maternit\u00e9 de dernier recours en Guin\u00e9e, P\u00e9rinatalit\u00e9, 2022\u00a0\/4 (Vol.14),Pages 174 \u00e0 179<\/p>\n

          17. Tshomba et al, Ville-de-Lubumbashi et ses sept communes, 2020, La RDC.png<\/p>\n

          dans la sensibilisation des communaut\u00e9s et de lib\u00e9rer les m\u00e9dias afin d\u2019atteindre une grande frange de la population lors de la sensibilisation.<\/p>\n

            \n
          • Aux autorit\u00e9s du Centre M\u00e9dical de Yolo Mabanga<\/em><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            D\u2019organiser des s\u00e9minaires de formation \u00e0 l\u2019intention du personnel m\u00e9dical et infirmier afin d\u2019am\u00e9liorer leur capacit\u00e9 dans la prise en charge des patients dr\u00e9panocytaires tant homozygotes SS qu\u2019h\u00e9t\u00e9rozygotes AS.<\/p>\n

              \n
            • Aux professionnels de sant\u00e9 tous<\/em><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              D\u2019am\u00e9liorer leur niveau de connaissances sur la dr\u00e9panocytose ainsi que sur ses moyens de pr\u00e9vention et de la prise en charge curative et th\u00e9rapeutique.<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

              R\u00e9sum\u00e9 Dans l\u2019optique de contribuer \u00e0 l\u2019am\u00e9lioration des survies des nouveau-n\u00e9s \u00e0 Lubumbashi, nous avons men\u00e9 une \u00e9tude descriptive transversale…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":21,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[124],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4124","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-articles","wpcat-124-id"],"yoast_head":"\nLES CAUSES D\u2019HOSPITALISATION NEONATALE A LUBUMBASHI \/ HAUT-KATANGA \/ R.D.CONGO - IJSSASS Repository<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ijssass.com\/journal\/les-causes-dhospitalisation-neonatale-a-lubumbashi-haut-katanga-r-d-congo\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta 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