International Journal of Social Sciences and Scientific Studies

Evaluation of the quality of water, hygiene and sanitation in public elementary schools in the 7th Arrondissement of Ndjamena city Chad

Maoudombaye Théophile — 2024-11-17

An evaluative study of the current state of water, hygiene and sanitation, coupled with physicochemical and bacteriological analysis of water from manual boreholes, was carried out in 9 public elementary schools in the ^7th Arrondissement of the city of Ndjaména. A field survey carried out in the schools enabled socio-demographic data to be collected. 9 water samples were taken and analyzed at the CECOQDA laboratory. 6 physicochemical and 5 bacteriological parameters were identified. The socio-demographic data obtained showed that 55.46% of schools had been fenced, compared with 44.44% that had not; 811 pupils for 2 latrines in Abena to 1.140 pupils for the single latrine in Gassi; and 752 pupils for two water points in Kilwilti to 1,394 pupils per water point in Adénéo. The physicochemical parameters recorded ranged from 117.333±1.785 µs/cm to 573.333±3.214 µs/cm (electrical conductivity), from 0.103±0.005 NTU to 230.666±0.577 NTU (turbidity), from 0.050±0.000 mg/L to 6.796±0.025 mg/L (total iron). Bacteriological parameters ranged from 4 CFU/100 mL to 210 CFU/100 mL (total coliforms), from 0 CFU/100mL to 301 CFU/100mL (E. coli); 7 CFU/100mL to 3001 CFU/100mL and from 60 CFU/100mL to 5300 CFU/100mL (revivable microorganisms) at 37°C and 22°C respectively. In view of these results, it would be advisable to increase the number of latrines and water points in order to meet the pupils' basic needs. The physico-chemical and bacteriological parameters are not so good either, given the results of certain parameters. In view of the above, consuming water from manual boreholes in these public elementary schools without adequate prior treatment would expose pupils to health risks.

Observation et analyse de la maitrise des savoirs essentiels « quantité de matière et masse d’un corps » en 1ère année scientifique dans les écoles de Kananga, République Démocratique du Congo

Symphorien Kabasele Nkongolo — 2024-11-17

An observational survey of the level of mastery of the essential knowledge of quantity of matter and mass of a body was carried out among 105 pupils in schools in the town of Kananga, including 45 girls and 60 boys. Only 24.85% of test passes were recorded. Knowledge transfer and teaching methods are the difficulties at the root of learning. Collaboration between teachers of complementary courses, improving the level of learning according to the DAS, and stimulating pupils' oral and written expression in French will help overcome the difficulties identified in this article.

PREVALENCE DU PORTAGE ASYMPTOMATIQUE DE TRYPANOSOMES CHEZ LES ETUDIANTS DU MILIEU UNIVERSITAIRE DE WEMBO -NYAMA EN REPUBLIQUE DEMOCRATIQUE DU CONGO EN 2024

Franck OSOMBA LOTENGO — 2024-11-17

The study based on the search for parasites in the blood and the determination of the prevalence of asymptomatic carriage of trypanosomes, carried out on 59 candidates taken randomly from a population of 159 students, revealed the result of 8.3% of the rate of carried over all students subjected to analyses.

This prevalence within an asymptomatic population attracts our attention. Due to their numbers, boys outnumber girls, 41 to 18. Their carrying rates are 6.7% and 1.6% respectively. This could be explained by the greater frequency of boys compared to girls for the sample taken.

The study as carried out not only fits with the fight against trypanosomiasis and support for endemic control through massive protozoa screening, but also contributes to the individual diagnosis of trypanosome infection.

RECRUTEMENT DES AGENTS ET CADRES A L’ECOLE NATIONALE D’ADMINISTRATION DE LA REPUBLIQUE DEMOCRATIQUE DU CONGO

KIYANGA MANS Guelord — 2024-11-17

The creation of the National School of Administration in 2013 like the school of formation postuniversitaire, is a good initiative within the framework of the reform and of renovation of Public administration RD. Congolaise on the one hand and on the other hand, it contributes in the fight against unemployment. The ENA draws more and more the attention of the young graduates, of which several dream to be recruited and formed by this prestigious publicly-owned establishment related to administration to integrate the public office congolaise. That passes by objective recruitment, respecting or taking account of the equitable representativeness of originating in all the provinces of the country.

however, analysis of the sample of 4 promotions of recruitment to the ENA, the first 2 sessions during 11 provinces, and 2 other editions with 26 provinces. This study will have the merit to discover, which escapes the public opinion. Firstly, it is about the recruitment unbalanced which supports one or two provinces only with the detriment of the others, compared to the

representativeness of human resources of the State. Nothing can justify that, during an edition certain provinces have the high number allowed candidates and others miss prizes winner of originality. Secondly, the unimportant number of the places offered by promotion, 60 learning for the first edition 2014 and 100 prizes winner as of the second session to date. What does not represent anything the whole, in comparison with the governmental will to reform and renovate the public administration, and to fight unemployment.

To cure this anormality in the recruitment of agents and frameworks of the public services with the ENA, we recommend what follows: introduction of the quotas of prizes winner for each of the 26 provinces; increase in a number of learning to 500 for the first time and then with 1000 pupils to be admitted with application of the quotas, and reinforcement of sensitizing in the provinces atweak rate of the candidates.